Intramural Sports Essay -- Essays Papers

Intramural Sports Intramurals are an organization of sports teams created for students who seek the opportunity to play sports. Those who participate in intramurals range in age, ability, and gender. These sports teams allow students to play a sport they enjoy without committing to a varsity team. Intramurals are designed for everyone to have fun but still have a competitive edge. It is easy to get involved and learn about intramurals at the University of Dayton. There are many possible ways as a student at Dayton to get involved in intramurals. Involvement in intramurals gives the chance to not only play sports that are enjoyable, but also the opportunity to meet new people and develop a relationship with them. One way that many people get involved is through people they have met or already know. For example, someone you met the other day, or a friend from high school could ask you to sign up for their team. Another popular way to get involved is through the residence hall, and play on a team with the other people in your hall. After talking to people ...

Education †Gymnasium Essay

Education in India today is nothing like it was in Pre-Independence and Post-Independence Era. Education System in India today went through a lot of changes before it emerged in its present form. Present education system in India is also guided by different objectives and goals as compared to earlier time. Present system of education in India, however is based around the policies of yesteryears. After independence, it was on 29th August 1947, that a Department of Education under the Ministry of Human Resource Development was set up. At that time the mission was the quantitative spread of education facilities. After, 1960’s the efforts were more focussed to provide qualitative education facilities. The present research focus on steps through which our indian education system had gone through. The basic moto of this research is to show that india has done serious efforts in education nd has shotremendous development but it is still lacking in comparison with developed nations. This study is an effort to suggest some measures for its improvement. INTRODUCTION Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve growth without substantial investment in human capital. Education improves the quality of their lives and lead to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education including formal education, public awareness and training should be recognized as a process by which human beings and societies can reach their fullest potential. The pre british indian Education system comprised of three types  Elementary education Secondary education Higher education Although Higher education is seen as the producer of elite class in society which largely contribute in the system of governance. The dawn of independence saw the significance of higher education in its reach and coverage. At the time of independence, there was bleak situation of higher education in India as the three important indicator:the number of Educational institutions, the number of teachers and the students enrollment in Education. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY First objective of the research is to get a understanding of various Educational changes that have taken place in India from pre Independence era. To study various Act launched for Education growth. To Find current scenario of Education sector in India To suggest some meaningful meausures to improve our Education sector. MYTHODOLOGY The study is based upon secondary data. Data has been collected from various sources like www. world bank. in,UNESCO,UNTDA. Statistical figures are main vehicle to achieve objective. It has studied internet research as well as policy papers and other official documents. CHANGES IN EDUCATION The changes which we are watching today due to education are may be because of various policy of government . Few of them are following: The National policy on Education 1986 had underscored the constitutional resolve to provide quality Education to all. under this policy government decided to review the growth and development of higher Education through five year plan which paid rich dividend in promoting education in India. The Eighty sixth constitutional amendment act in December 2002,made elementary Education a fundamental right for all children in the age group of 6-14. The Government initiated the scheme of area intensive program for Educationally backward minority and scheme of financial assistance of madrasa Education as part of its revised programme of action(1992). Taking into consideration the need for technical Education so that skill is acquired, the Government took steps to open industrial training Institute, medical colleges,polytechnics. At present there are 1500 such Institutes. National adult Education programme was taken up in 1978. The aim was to reach 100 percent literacy (age 15-35) by the year 1990. Its basic pupose was to promote small family. As a result of announcement of national policy on Education priority is given to vocationalisation of secondary Education to make Education relevant to work. A central Institute of Education technology was set up in NCERT to purchase equipment for state Institute of Educational technology. UGC was set up in 1955 for coordination and determination of standards. UGC  has taken steps to implement the recommendations of new policy on education such as autonomous colleges,centers of advanced studies in universities, establishment of education media research center and audio visual research center for the use of media and setting up academic staff colleges for training and orientation of college teachers National program for nutritional support to primary Education was launched in 1995 under which food grains is provided to children’s in primary classes. The program assures 199 gm of grain per day for attending school for at least 80 percent of total school days in a month. Following India independence a number of rules were formulated for backward scheduled caste and scheduled tribes of India. Special reservation are also provided for scheduled caste and scheduled tribes example a reservation of 15 percent in kendriya vidyalaya for scheduled caste and another reservation of 7. 5 percent in kendriya vidyalaya fot scheduled tribe. CURRENT STATUS There were 20 universities and 496 college at the time of Independence At present universities and university level institutions-504 State universities-243 State private universities-53 Central universities-40. Deemed universities-130 Institutions of National importance established under act of Parliament-33 Institutions established under various state legislation-5 In addition there are 25951 college including atound 2565 women college Table-1: All India Growth of institutions Year. Universities Colleges. Total 1947-48. 20 496. 516 1950-51 28. 578. 606 1960-61. 45 1819. 1864 1970-71. 93 3227. 3320 1980-81. 123. 4738 4861 1990-91. 184 5748 5932 2000-01 266 11146. 11412 2004-05 348 17625. 17973 2005-06. 355. 18064. 18419 2006-07. 367. 19000 19367 2007-08. 416. 20677 21093 2008-09. 480 22000. 22480. 2009-10 504. 25951. 26455 Source: UGC To promote higher education, college were established to provide specialized professional or vocational training. The first ever college in india was during the British rule in 1817,the CMS college kottaysm in kerela. After induction of new education policy, college education got flip and has increased manifold. Women enrolment was less than 10 percent of total enrollment on eve of Independence and it was risen to 41. 40 percent Number of teachers in 1950 were 15000 , in 1991 teachers were 272 thousand and in 2004 it was 457 thousand , in 2010 it was 699 thousand. Number of students enrolled in 1950 was 0. 1 million , in 1991 it was 4. 9 million,in 2004 it was 9. 95 million and in 2010 it reaches to 14. 6 million. EVIDENCE As India’s higher Education system is one of the world largest, enrolling nearly 22 million students in more than 46000 institutions. The changing landscape of higher education should be noted by key administrator, particularly government should be aware of the opportunity for institutions to nurture entrepreneurial growth and establish partnership with various organization to address community needs. India’s government currently plays a command and control role in higher Education. Under government oversight, public universities set curricula, determine courses offering, administer exam and grant degrees. But in 12th five year plan government key policy for economic development theory 2017 proposes a steer and evaluate role that allows a greater degree of self regulation and enforces higher level of accountability across the education system institutions The Economic development through Education is clearly evident in market ,demand for service which have pace. ADVANCEMENT Today development of Education in India has attained new level essentially after the independence of country. India is developing nation and it has been expanding in every field. Development of Education in India brought about a transformation and the concept of Education got modified. India got well known Educational institutions such as IITs,IIMs,AIIMS,, ISB,ISI. India’s higher Education system is the third largest in world after China and Uk. The Development of Education has traveled a longway and thus Indian Education system introduced certain advantageous system such as online Education in India. Online Education is a system of Education training which is delivered primarily via the Internet to students at remote location. Online Education enables the students to opt for many online degrees or courses from various university In the modern times, students are provided with extensive scope and courses to choose from and they enjoy the opportunity of selecting the required field. The system of distance Education in India is becoming increasingly popular. The student choosing distance learning process are benefitted with modern pattern followed. Development of Education in India ensures that all Indian citizens will receive Education in spite of financial constraints or unavailability of college and school. In addition the non formal Education is launched which is about acknowledging the importance of Education, learning and training which takes place outside recognized Educational institutions. It is the process of learning throughout life. PROBLEMS Undoubtedly India has made a vast improvement in education sector but stilk it lacks in some or the other way like  1)The enrollment rate in India had shown progress of gross enrollment rate in higher education to 17. 2 percent over the years yet it was short as per the world standard as seen,the Country was behind China 19 percent and UK 60 percent and USA 82 percent 2) The teacher strength in institutions of higher education was far from adequate. 3)Gross enrollment has increasd but were not matching anywhere with developed countries 4)Wide variations are seen in rural and urban areas 5)Regional disparities are also visible. 6)Education given is irrelevant according to job market  7)Innovation and creation are missing from the field 8)Education is seen as a object of providing immediate skills and tools, not means for future growth 9)By far one of the most pressing problem is that unavailability of money or inadequate funding of Indian Education system. RECOMMENDATIONS Our Education system still in this era faces many problems. funny thing is that from colonial times, few things have changed. we have established IITs,IIMs and other Institute of excellence. Students now routinely score 90 percent marks still find difficult to get into college of their choice. we live in a country where the people see Education as means of climbing the social and economic ladder. Some of the useful measures to improve our education system are following: 1)Private capital should be allowed in Education to reach at excellence level and compete with developed nations 2)Personalize education should focused as one size does not fit all humans. So Education should be given according to its demand. 3)Implement massive technology infrastructure for Education 4)Focus on skill based technology according to modern era 5)Reward creativity, original thinking, research and innovation. 6)Redifine the purpose of Education system 7)Take mediocrity out of the system 8)Policy makers in India should continue to develop and implement an accreditation system that can over time become a key measure of quality. 9)An Effort is needed to gradually phase in methods to link funding to quality measure. 10)Raising the level of Education, to be competitive like developed nations. 11)Identify the need of business and industry, then supply Education to fulfill their demand REFERENCES Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2001). Selected Educational Statistics 2001-2002, Government of India, New Delhi. Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2001). Annual Report, 2003-2004, MHRD, Government of India, New Delhi. Shukla, Snehlatha, et. al (1998). Attainment of Primary School Children in India, NCERT. Strides in Education in India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India Registrar General and Census Commissioner. (2001). Census of India 2001. Provisional Population Totals Paper-I of 2001, Controller of Publications, New Delhi. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education 2000-01 to 2002-03, Government of India,New Delhi.

Lord of the Flies Essay Nature v. Nurture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 773 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Lord of The Flies Essay Did you like this example? Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space around Henry Here invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life Rogers arm was conditioned by a civilization that knew nothing of him and was in ruins. (Golding 62) Our environment has much to do with the way we react during different situations, yes, but is it the main reason for our behavior? In the book The Lord of the Flies, a group of young boys are stranded on an island without any adult supervision. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lord of the Flies Essay Nature v. Nurture" essay for you Create order The author takes us through the story by demonstrating what happens when adolescents must depend on themselves without the comfort of civilization. The boys actions throughout the novel are not so much impacted by the environment, but the fact that their inner savages are finally able to roam free due to the absence of authority figures. During our upbringing we learn the ways of life from authority figures present in our childhoods like parents and teachers, but during our teenage years is when everything starts to change. Amanda Leigh Mascarellis article, The Teenage Brain, discusses the many different factors of the human brain that contribute to our everyday thinking and actions. During the risk-taking and rewards-based tests, one region deep inside the brain shows more activity in adolescents than it does in children or adults, Crone says. That one region is called the ventral striatum and is often called the reward center of the brain. This is because it moves us to repeat actions that receive rewards. In the boys case, their horrific actions resulted in one major treat, staying alive. Another region of the brain called the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in our decision making too. The prefrontal cortex is sometimes referred to as the master planner; it gives instructions and enables chatter among other brain regions. In the heat of the moment † even when they know better, the reward system can outmuscle the master planner. That can lead to poor decisions, Casey says. This further explains the reason why the boys always give into temptations like playing instead of building a rescue fire. Adolescents are particularly sensitive and responsive to influence by friends, desires and emotions, researchers say. The sense of an authority figure played a large role in the sequence of the book. Nearing the end of the book, Jack takes matters into his own hands by creating his own tribe. Jack offers food, protection, and play, which all appeal to the ?bigguns, resulting in them leaving Ralphs side. Hes a proper chief, isnt he? Hes going to beat up Wilfred He got angry and made us tie Wilfred up. Hes been tied for hours, waiting (Golding 159) Jack decided to assert his power onto his tribe and treat them as if they were his minions. Of course, his tribe didnt mind because the boys were under the impression that Jack was the closest thing they had to a parental figure on the island. Prior to adolescence, the master planner isnt quite advanced enough to guide all the other brain regions. Thats because it still doesnt know the rules of the game. So thats why you have parents to act as your prefrontal cortex, During their time on the island, the boys closest thing to a parent figure was Jack, which explains why they made such rash decisions under his control. Some might say that the boys actions on the island were the result of long-term exposure to such a harsh environment. Kendra Cherrys article The Milgram Obedience Experiment states, The social psychology of this century reveals a major lesson: often it is not so much the kind of person a man is as the kind of situation in which he finds himself that determines how he will act. This statement can be refuted. Although environment does play somewhat of a role in bringing out our evil natures, biological factors and our individual ways of thinking have the biggest say in all of this. Dopamine levels in general peak during adolescence. In teenagers, the strength of this feel good response helps explain why they often give in to impulsive desires. To sum things up, the boys actions at the end of the book The Lord of the Flies are due to biological and mental factors as opposed to their surrounding environment and upbringing. The environment around us doesnt contribute to the making of our inner evil, but aids in bringing out the savageness within us. Our mentality and state of mind are the biggest contributors when it comes to decision making and the course of our actions.

Proposal Analysis - 773 Words

Evaluation The purpose of the proposed evaluation is to implement an approach to evaluate the amount of low-income individuals provided with goods, evaluate the perceived food scarcity in their low-income homes that receive goods, and provide data of the low-income residents served to community partners to promote ongoing community support. The intention of the Russell County Coalition is to provide food and clothing resources to low-income individuals, assess the monthly expenses of housing, electric, and other necessities to gather data on needs. Along with providing food and clothing to low-income individuals, the coalition will provide the LCAA with data and referrals of those individuals that need help with energy assistance,†¦show more content†¦This evaluation is to assess the cost and the hours that are provided monthly to the Coalition. Stakeholders The Russell County Coalition’s stakeholders are the partners, individuals, and groups within Russell County that take interest in the results and actions of the Coalition. The evaluation process is to grant these individuals with the reported needs within Russell County, the effectiveness of the program, the cost analysis, and overall results of the Coalition. The stakeholders will include the program director, the part time and full time staff, local churches, board of directors, and local volunteers. The program director/social worker will perform team management, program developer, help with the data collection and oversee data collection. The secretaries will assist with team meetings as needed, perform data collection, and oversee the inventory of goods. Local churches will help with the transportation of goods to low-income individuals that are home bound. The local churches will also provide support, donation of goods, build social support for the coa lition. Board of directors, which will be the same board that oversees the LCAA, this board will provide employee support, offer help with community involvement, program development, and provide support with fund building and financial responsibilities.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis on a Modest Proposal1421 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Commentary – Digression â€Å" A modest proposal† by Jonathan Swift is a rhetoric piece that satirizes the dismal political, social and economic conditions in 18th century Ireland. As a solution, the preposterous proposal suggests that the Irish eat their own babies; as it is logically viable, and economically profitable: a condition adhering to the rational mentality of the age of reason. Swift develops his argument on two levels: A seemingly intellectual persona, caricaturized on a stereotypicalRead MoreA Modest Proposal Analysis Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal Literary Analysis By J--- ----------- J--- ----------- Mr. H----- Period 6 2 May 2011 Jonathan Swift’s Use of Satire and Exaggeration Satire is a form of literature in which an author tries to demonstrate his or her point of view by ridiculing. The author uses heavy irony and sarcasm in order to criticize a social issue. A perfect example of a work of satire is Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal. In this satirical essay, Jonathan Swift attacks on the issue of theRead MoreAnalysis of A Modest Proposal873 Words   |  4 Pages Jonathan Swift, the writer of the satirical essay A Modest Proposal, grew up and lived in Ireland during times of famine and economic struggles (Conditions). 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He does this by writing a proposal that absolutely is outlandish and unthinkable, starting by addressing the current issue. â€Å"FOR PREVENTING THE CHILDREN OF POOR PEOPLE IN IRELAND FROM BEING A BURDEN TO THEIR PARENTS OR COUNTRY, AND FOR MAKING THEM BENEFICIAL TO THE PUBLIC †

Eating Disorders - 883 Words

Eating Disorders INTRODUCTION Attention Getter Do you like what you see when you look in the mirror? Imagine looking in the mirror and you see something other than what is truly there. That is a nightmare that many women suffering with eating disorders live with everyday. No matter how pretty or slim they are, all they can see is ugly and obese in that mirror. Thesis Statement Eating disorders affect millions of people every year, and can even result in death. I will explain what a eating disorder is, their characteristics, complications and what some of the most common types seen today are. Purpose The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience of the different types of eating disorders and how they can be†¦show more content†¦The characteristics and complications associated with Anorexia nervosa. A. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and an obsessive fear of gaining weight. 1. 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The most known and most commonly diagnosed eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder; however, these are not the only eating disorders. Eating disorders cause psychical and psychological problems, which at their worst can even become life threating. Statistics show that more women are affected

Research Paper on Apple

Question: Discuss about theResearch Paper on Apple. Answer: Introduction Apples product development process has always strived and has been able to become one of the most successful process ever implemented. With the rising issues in product designs and developments in major gadget manufacturing companies, Apple has focused on avoiding such issues and implemented processes, technological features and behaviour that can help in the cause. In this research paper, three major issues have been identified and Apples answers to those issues have been discussed in details. Negligent Design: According to Caine and Thomas (2012), the negligent design reflects one of the most common product claims. It includes the cases involving design decisions made by the manufacturer at the time of developing a particular product. The focus of negligent design is to claim even if a specific product able to maintain the intended condition in case of something inherently wrong with the developed products that can cause damage. Now, as one of the prime mobile and laptop making organization, Apple has always focused on maintaining the standard of the products at such level for avoiding claims related to negligent design. In fact, Apple has focused on utilizing the advance form of technologies for ensuring that all the products perform at the desired level. Therefore, it would reduce the probability of injury in a great way. As a result, it has helped the organization to avoid all the claims related to negligent design. On the other hand, Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis (2012) have highlighted the fact that injured person will have to demonstrate the complained product containing different unreasonable risk that can create foreseeable injury. In present time, several cases have been identified where different mobiles or other advanced gadget products has blasted while charging, which has created serious injury to the users. For that reason, claims related to negligible design has created different challenges for the organizations in fulfilling their business objectives. Tassone (2013) have highlighted the fact that injured person must present evidence regarding the magnitude of the injury risk that defect in the specific product can have on an individual. Now, Apple has also faced serious allegation, as few of its mobile products have blasted at the time of charging. For that reason, management of Apple has provided specific benefits to all the injured personnel in order to maintain legislative obli gations. Moreover, it has also invested more money on the RD department for eliminating the possibility of these types of accident in future. Failure to Warn Failure to warn reflects the liability of product in the market, which was necessary for fulfilling market requirements. It emphasizes on the fact that all the products must have to maintain a certain quality in order to enhance the safety level at the desired order. Now, business management process of Apple has always focused on maintaining the quality of the product to enhance the safety level. As highlighted by Gutierrez, Panuwatwanich and Walker (2013) product liability law emphasizes on the designing and manufacturing process in order to estimate the safety level for the intended purpose. It also highlighted the fact distributors, manufacturers and retailers have to hold responsible for any safety issues related to the products. Now, Apple provides high technology phones, laptop, tablet and other gadgets that do not contain severe life risk threat for the individuals. However, still, management of Apple has focused on ensuring that all the products can be able to fulfil specifie d requirements comprehensively. Failure to warn also highlighted the fact that all the business entities need to provide specific warnings to the customers regarding the kind of safety issues it might have to face. Now, all the Apple products have provided a statutory warning to the customers in order to ensure that it cannot create any safety issues. According to Solomon (2012), organizations need to crosscheck all the products and services for eliminating risk level from the market. Now, business process of Apple has also tried to include several crosschecking processes for handling failure to warn effectively. Apple business process has also focused on mentioning all the details regarding the best possible ways to utilize products so that it cannot create any safety related challenges. However, Hawe (2015) have highlighted the fact that almost all the mobiles or tablets create radiation through the mobile towers. Therefore, mobile companies like Apple also have to take responsibilities of these safety factors by providing proper warnings to all the customers. As a result, it would definitely help Apple to handle all the safety related issues in an appropriate way. Encouraging Ethical Behaviour As highlighted by Ford and Richardson (2013) ethical behaviour reflects the consistency that businesses try to maintain with respect to the society and individuals in order to maintain values in the desired order. In fact, several businesses have invested a huge amount in order to provide support to the societies, which will eventually increase the ethical values. It has also been assessed that appropriate use of ethical practices can also help organizations to enhance the brand value in the market, which eventually will help to increase the revenue level of the organization. Now, Apple has taken several initiatives including free education, food and shelter for helping poor children effectively. Furthermore, it has also focused on maintaining the environmental condition of the society so that future generation can lead a healthy life. For that reason, several studies have influenced business entities in maintaining all the ethical behaviour in an effective way. On the other hand, ethical behaviour also focuses on maintaining the quality of all the products so that it cannot create any adverse impact on the society. Moreover, it has also induced businesses to maintain the quality of all the raw materials for providing the best products for the customers. Now, Apple has always focused on maintaining the quality of all the provided products so that it can enhance the satisfaction level of the customers. As a result, Apple has faced relatively lesser challenges regarding the safety related issues. In addition, Apple has focused on increasing the overall investment level in the RD sector to avoid any type of ethical challenges. Therefore, it has established the fact that maintains ethics in business can help organizations to achieve sustainable growth in the market (Trautmann, van de Kuilen Zeckhauser, 2013). As a result, majority of the organizations are looking to include different types of ethical practices for fulfilling all the objectives in the market. In addition, it also would help businesses in representing itself as a sensible corporate citizen. Conclusion On a concluding note, it can be said that Apple has acted on the issues identified in their design and behavioural process, mainly in context of negligent design, failure to provide warning and encouragement of ethical behaviour. As always, Apple has attempted to maintain their good name in the industry, with an aim to improve their processes in future too. References: Caine, C. P., Thomas, H. R. (2012). Negligent tort liability of the design professional.Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction,5(1), 45-52. Deakin, S. F., Johnston, A., Markesinis, B. (2012).Markesinis and Deakin's tort law. Oxford University Press. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Gutierrez, A. L. C., Panuwatwanich, K., Walker, A. (2013). Learning from the past: analysis of factors contributing to construction project disputes in Australia.Law and Dispute Resolution. Hawe, P. (2015). Minimal, negligible and negligent interventions.Social Science Medicine,138, 265-268. Solomon, J. M. (2012). The Political Puzzle of the Civil Jury. Tassone, T. (2013). Should Metal Baseball Bats Come with a Warning Label: Assessing Failure to Warn Claims before and after Enactment of the BBCOR Baseball Bat Performance Standard.Sports Law. J.,20, 211. Trautmann, S. T., van de Kuilen, G., Zeckhauser, R. J. (2013). Social class and (un) ethical behavior: A framework, with evidence from a large population sample.Perspectives on Psychological Science,8(5), 487-497.

Child Protection free essay sample

Title of outcome: Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people Legislation is the term used to describe the laws or Acts and Statutes enacted by the UK Parliament. The UK government provides guidelines to organisations and individuals in England and Wales to inform them about how legislation enacted in Parliament should be interpreted and applied. Policy is the term used to describe as a principle or rule used to inform decision making within organisations, so that they are able to achieve a rational or desirable outcome. Policy differs from legislation as it guides actions, but cannot compel or prohibit behaviours. A procedure is a document written to support a policy principle or rule. A Procedure is designed to establish corporate accountability for implementation of a policy by describing the set of actions that have to be executed and by whom within an organization in relation to it. Practitioners working with children do so within a complex framework of both national legislation and guidance, and local policy and procedure, directed at safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children. For practitioners to achieve the best outcomes for children it is essential that they are familiar with the legislative and policy framework within which work. In terms of current legislation and policy safeguarding the welfare of children and young people is defined as: protecting children from maltreatment preventing impairment of children’s health or development  ensuring children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. Child protection is an aspect of safeguarding children’s welfare and refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or are likely to suffer, significant harm. Children Act (1989) The Children Act (1989) charged local authorities with duties to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area, to work in partnership with parents and to provide â€Å"services for children in need, their families and others†? The Act also imposed upon local authorities a â€Å"duty to investigate †¦ if they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found, in their area is suffering, or is likely to suffer, significant harm† (section 47). The Children Act (1989) requires courts to make the welfare of the child the paramount consideration in any judgments made. It also introduced the principle that delays in court proceedings were harmful to the child. The Act articulated the principle that parents have responsibilities for their children not right over them. Education Act (2002) The Education Act (2002) included a provision (section 175) requiring school governing bodies, local education authorities and further education institutions to make arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. The Laming Report (2003) The Laming Report arose from the inquiry into the murder of child abuse victim Victoria Climbie. In his report Lord Laming made at total of 108 recommendations for the overhaul of child protection in England and Wales. Key recommendations of the Laming report included: The creation of a children and families board chaired by a senior government minister, to coordinate policies and initiatives, that have a bearing on the wellbeing of children and families. A national agency for children and families, led by a childrens commissioner, should be established to ensure local services meet national standards for child protection and implement reforms. The report directed that Safeguarding Boards for children and families should be established by councils, with members drawn from social services, education, housing, the NHS, the police and probation services. The boards should appoint a local director of children and family services to monitor effective interagency working on child welfare and protection. The creation of a national childrens database that keeps a record of every contact a child has with a member of staff from the police, health and local authorities. Every Child Matters (ECM) (2003) The UK government responded to the Laming Report with the Every Child Matter (ECM) green paper launched in 2003. ECM covers children and young adults up to the age of 19, or for those with disabilites up to the age of 24.. Its main aims are for every child, irrespective of their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: Be healthy Stay safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well-being All childcare settings are required to demonstrate that are promoting the 5 (SHEEP) principles of ECM. Each of these themes has a detailed framework attached whose outcomes require multi-agency partnerships working together to achieve. ECM set out to ensure that children and families do not receive poorer services because of the failure of professionals to understand each others roles or to work together effectively in a multi-disciplinary manner. ECM stressed that it is important that all professionals working with children are aware of the contribution that could be made by their own and each others services and to plan and deliver their work with children and young people accordingly. It is the central goal of ECM to ensure every pupil is given the chance to be able to work towards the goals articulated within it. All maintained schools in England and Wales have implemented the ECM policy. Children Act (2004) The Children Act (2004) enacted the key principles of the ECM green paper. The Act set out the requirements to: Establish the post of a Childrens Commissioner for England Create an electronic record of every child in England, Scotland and Wales to make it easier to trace children across local authorities and government services.? Cooperate across all services that work to protect children Establish the new statutory bodies called Local Safeguarding Children Boards responsible for child protection.? Appoint a director of children’s services in each of the local authorities in England Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) The Act legislated for the establishment of a new centralised vetting and barring scheme for people working with children and vulnerable adults operated by the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA). The ISA is empowered by the Act to make barring decisions following referrals from employers or other organisations Anyone barred by the ISA cannot work or volunteer with a group from which they are barred, and will be committing an offence if they seek to do so